Today, the prospects of digital technologies are both auspicious and frightening: With digital assistance and whole new virtual environments, as well as promising advances in AI and machine learning on the one hand, and surveillance capitalism, discriminating datasets and life-threatening cyberwars on the other. How did this conflicting situation come about? To answer this question, we have to acknowledge that technologies are temporally and spatially produced, affected by different epistemes, ideologies, political interests, economic forces and cultural practices.

Accordingly, technological development is always fragmented.